Fix dummy thermistors for Bed, Chamber, Probe (#20247)

Marlin/src/inc/Conditionals_post.h

   #define HAS_TEMP_ADC_CHAMBER 1
 #endif
 
-#if HAS_HOTEND && ANY(HAS_TEMP_ADC_0, HEATER_0_USES_MAX6675, HEATER_0_DUMMY_THERMISTOR)
+#define HAS_TEMP(N) ANY(HAS_TEMP_ADC_##N, HEATER_##N##_USES_MAX6675, HEATER_##N##_DUMMY_THERMISTOR)
+#if HAS_HOTEND && HAS_TEMP(0)
   #define HAS_TEMP_HOTEND 1
 #endif
-#define HAS_TEMP_BED        HAS_TEMP_ADC_BED
-#define HAS_TEMP_PROBE      HAS_TEMP_ADC_PROBE
-#define HAS_TEMP_CHAMBER    HAS_TEMP_ADC_CHAMBER
+#if HAS_TEMP(BED)
+  #define HAS_TEMP_BED 1
+#endif
+#if HAS_TEMP(PROBE)
+  #define HAS_TEMP_PROBE 1
+#endif
+#if HAS_TEMP(CHAMBER)
+  #define HAS_TEMP_CHAMBER 1
+#endif
 
 #if ENABLED(JOYSTICK)
   #if PIN_EXISTS(JOY_X)

Marlin/src/module/temperature.cpp

   #if HAS_JOY_ADC_EN
     SET_INPUT_PULLUP(JOY_EN_PIN);
   #endif
-  #if HAS_HEATED_BED
+  #if HAS_TEMP_ADC_BED
     HAL_ANALOG_SELECT(TEMP_BED_PIN);
   #endif
-  #if HAS_TEMP_CHAMBER
+  #if HAS_TEMP_ADC_CHAMBER
     HAL_ANALOG_SELECT(TEMP_CHAMBER_PIN);
   #endif
-  #if HAS_TEMP_PROBE
+  #if HAS_TEMP_ADC_PROBE
     HAL_ANALOG_SELECT(TEMP_PROBE_PIN);
   #endif
   #if ENABLED(FILAMENT_WIDTH_SENSOR)
   TERN_(HAS_TEMP_ADC_5, temp_hotend[5].update());
   TERN_(HAS_TEMP_ADC_6, temp_hotend[6].update());
   TERN_(HAS_TEMP_ADC_7, temp_hotend[7].update());
-  TERN_(HAS_HEATED_BED, temp_bed.update());
-  TERN_(HAS_TEMP_CHAMBER, temp_chamber.update());
-  TERN_(HAS_TEMP_PROBE, temp_probe.update());
+  TERN_(HAS_TEMP_ADC_BED, temp_bed.update());
+  TERN_(HAS_TEMP_ADC_CHAMBER, temp_chamber.update());
+  TERN_(HAS_TEMP_ADC_PROBE, temp_probe.update());
 
   TERN_(HAS_JOY_ADC_X, joystick.x.update());
   TERN_(HAS_JOY_ADC_Y, joystick.y.update());
       case MeasureTemp_0: ACCUMULATE_ADC(temp_hotend[0]); break;
     #endif
 
-    #if HAS_HEATED_BED
+    #if HAS_TEMP_ADC_BED
       case PrepareTemp_BED: HAL_START_ADC(TEMP_BED_PIN); break;
       case MeasureTemp_BED: ACCUMULATE_ADC(temp_bed); break;
     #endif
 
-    #if HAS_TEMP_CHAMBER
+    #if HAS_TEMP_ADC_CHAMBER
       case PrepareTemp_CHAMBER: HAL_START_ADC(TEMP_CHAMBER_PIN); break;
       case MeasureTemp_CHAMBER: ACCUMULATE_ADC(temp_chamber); break;
     #endif
 
-    #if HAS_TEMP_PROBE
+    #if HAS_TEMP_ADC_PROBE
       case PrepareTemp_PROBE: HAL_START_ADC(TEMP_PROBE_PIN); break;
       case MeasureTemp_PROBE: ACCUMULATE_ADC(temp_probe); break;
     #endif

Marlin/src/module/temperature.h

   #if HAS_TEMP_ADC_0
     PrepareTemp_0, MeasureTemp_0,
   #endif
-  #if HAS_HEATED_BED
+  #if HAS_TEMP_ADC_BED
     PrepareTemp_BED, MeasureTemp_BED,
   #endif
-  #if HAS_TEMP_CHAMBER
+  #if HAS_TEMP_ADC_CHAMBER
     PrepareTemp_CHAMBER, MeasureTemp_CHAMBER,
   #endif
-  #if HAS_TEMP_PROBE
+  #if HAS_TEMP_ADC_PROBE
     PrepareTemp_PROBE, MeasureTemp_PROBE,
   #endif
   #if HAS_TEMP_ADC_1