Based on #7862, #7846 by @rmoravcik

As pointed out in #7692 by @totalitarian

* test only

test

* Fixed RAMPS FD V1 pins.h file

* Fix typo

When the buffer is empty index_write == index_read, but they needed constrained by buffer_mask

* fixed some include paths

* LPC1768: Fix Serial API

Add missing serial methods used if TX_BUFFER_SIZE is set
Change return value of HalSerial:read to match Arduino API

* LPC1768: add filters to ADC

This is to try and compensate for hardware issue and oversensitivity to noise

* LPC1768: remove the polling section of delayMicroseconds

* LPC1768: lock usb mass storage device while device accesses it.

Currently only applicable to persistent store,
The device always has priority and will unmount the sd card from the host, Windows then tries to automount again so it can look like the explorer window freezes. Linux Mint, by default, just closes the Nemo window.

* Add timeout to make sure if Serial never connects that Marlin still boots

* Remove unneeded ifdef CPU_32_BIT

In general the need for ifdef CPU_32_BIT blocks means that something is missing from the HAL API or a Platform, in this case HAL_TICKS_PER_US was missing from the AVR Platform

* LPC1768: relocate RE-ARM debug_extra_script.py

From @ejtagle, originally #7459

Derived from #7811 and #7779

fix Travis error

Adding files for STM32F1 HAL based on libmaple/stm32duino core.
Current persistent_store uses cardreader changes to be sent in separate
commit, but could be changed to use i2c eeprom.

Fixes for 2 "... not declared in this scope" compiler errors.

For PR #7738

Comes from #7760

Comes from #7760

See PR #7593

See #7725