Fix #11484

- Move FWRETRACT to the planner
- Combine leveling, skew, etc. in a single modifier method
- Have kinematic and non-kinematic moves call one planner method

When possible, make `active_extruder` a `constexpr` to save some PROGMEM.

Fix #11697

- Allow planner to alter the deceleration phase of the currently executing block.
- Remove BUSY flag, as it is NON ATOMIC to set bits in the Stepper ISR and Planner at the same time.

* Planner: Removal of some race conditions between Stepper ISR and Planner, some of them pointed out by @AnHardt, some of my own findings
* Fixing timing on stepper pulses adding a compensation for the non-null time required to set ports.

- Drop `max_jerk` with `JUNCTION_DEVIATION`
- Add `max_e_jerk_factor` for use by `LIN_ADVANCE`
- Recalculate `max_e_jerk_factor` when `junction_deviation_mm` changes
- Fix LCD editing of `junction_deviation_mm`

- Stepper bugs fixed
- Support MIXING_EXTRUDER with Linear Advance
- Miscellaneous cleanup

* Misc fixes and improvements

- Get rid of most critical sections on the Serial port drivers for AVR and DUE. Proper usage of FIFOs should allow interrupts to stay enabled without harm to queuing and dequeuing.
  Also, with 8-bit indices (for AVR) and up to 32-bit indices (for ARM), there is no need to protect reads and writes to those indices.
- Simplify the XON/XOFF logic quite a bit. Much cleaner now (both for AVR and ARM)
- Prevent a race condition (edge case) that could happen when estimating the proper value for the stepper timer (by reading it) and writing the calculated value for the time to the next ISR by disabling interrupts in those critical and small sections of the code - The problem could lead to lost steps.
- Fix dual endstops not properly homing bug (maybe).

* Set position immediately when possible

- Respect axis max acceleration limits instead of forcing a fixed acceleration value.
- The `junction_unit_vec` ensures proper handling of entry and exit speeds even when the axes involved have different limits.

- Also implemented real endstop reading on interrupt.

- Fixed the planner incorrectly avoiding optimization of the block following the active one.
- Added extra conditions to terminate planner early and avoid redundant computations.

Allows the Stepper ISR to wait until a given block is free for use. Allows Planner to plan the first move, which is split into two.

Better encapsulation and considerably reduce stepper jitter

Use macros that explicitly avoid double-evaluation and can be used for any datatype, replacing `min`, `max`, `abs`, `fabs`, `labs`, and `FABS`.

Co-Authored-By: ejtagle <ejtagle@hotmail.com>

Co-Authored-By: ejtagle <ejtagle@hotmail.com>