Implement servo support for STM32F1. Original code was incomplete and depended on Servo library from stm32duino which conflicts with `module/servo.h`.

The `binary.h` file required by `lcd/dogm/dogm_bitmaps.h` is not present in stm32duino environment. Binary macros are defined in `bit_constants.h` in stm32duino framework.

Fix "SD init fail" problem for STM32F1 caused by incorrect SS pin state and incorrect SPI mode. Issue #11225

Use a sector of the LPC flash memory to emulate EEPROM storage, removing the need to have an SD card to store system parameters.

- Clean up the API to use a `static` class instance to adhere to Marlin convention
- Add `const` position data access for read/write
- Add Storage capacity to the interface

Co-Authored-By: bleughb <36889022+bleughb@users.noreply.github.com>

The current Marlin implementation relies on a timer interrupt to start the ADC conversion and read it. However in some circumstances the interrupt can be delayed resulting in insufficient time being available for the ADC conversion. This results in a bad reading and false temperature fluctuations. These changes make sure that the conversion is complete (by checking the ADC hardware via the HAL) before reading a value.

See: https://github.com/MarlinFirmware/Marlin/issues/11323

Enable the endstop interrupts feature for LPC176x boards. Although Smoothieboard chose to use non-interrupt capable pins for their endstops, and this has been copied by clones, so they can't use it.

Co-Authored-By: p3p <p3p@p3psoft.co.uk>

Always honor minimum period on stepper pulse generation, and fix timing calculations

Signed-off-by: etagle <ejtagle@hotmail.com>

- Enable / disable interrupts with `__iSeiRetVal` / `__iCliRetVal`
- Add STM32F1 to Travis CI tests

An undocumented hw bug makes the UART lose chars when RX ISR is disabled, even for a very small amount of time. This happens when RX_BUFFER > 256, and the result is corrupted received commands. Solved by implementing pseudo-atomic operations on 16bit indices.

Pointed out by @GMagician