Plus other BLTouch and menu enhancements.

Partially undo 15357af to ensure TMC code is initialized in the proper order.

…And save backlash, fil. sensor, ExtUI userdata to EEPROM.

- Change encoder position to 16-bit integer.
- Fix `SD_REPRINT_LAST_SELECTED_FILE` when the screen is scrolled.

Allow `ENABLED`, `DISABLED`, `PIN_EXISTS`, and `BUTTON_EXISTS` to take multiple arguments. Also add:
- Alias `ANY(...)` for `!DISABLED(...)`
- Alias `ANY_PIN(...)` for `PIN_EXISTS(a) || PIN_EXISTS(b) ...`
- Alias `EITHER(A,B)` for `ANY(...)`
- Alias `ALL(...)` and `BOTH(A,B)` for `ENABLED(...)`
- `NONE(...)` for `DISABLED(...)`

- Ensure `MarlinUI:get_progress` is defined for `ExtUI`.
- Fix for `BACKLASH_SMOOTHING` with small segments.
  `BACKLASH_SMOOTHING` with extremely small segments failed to fully correct due to the correction factor being rounded down. Rounding up ensures the entire backlash will converge to zero even for small segments.
- Add pinout for the beta revision `EINSY_RETRO`.
- Update soft endstops with tool offsets (for toolchange et. al. move clamping) (#12568)

See the PR for full details. The updated system will be documented on the website in the near future.

* Move special characters to language.h
* Apply some naming standards
* Clean up menu item draw functions
* Rename some Temperature methods
* UI => ExtUI

* Group status methods, share reset_status with Extensible UI
* Move common DOGM code to headers

* Encapsulate common LCD code in a singleton
* Depend more UBL code on UBL_DEVEL_DEBUGGING
  - Since most users don't need the debugging on at all times, this helps reduce the default build size for UBL by over 2K, a little closer to fitting on 128K boards.