See #13783

Fix issue mentioned at https://github.com/MarlinFirmware/Marlin/pull/13587#issuecomment-481737509

The real fix. PR #13568 was wrong.

Fix #13445

Allow `ENABLED`, `DISABLED`, `PIN_EXISTS`, and `BUTTON_EXISTS` to take multiple arguments. Also add:
- Alias `ANY(...)` for `!DISABLED(...)`
- Alias `ANY_PIN(...)` for `PIN_EXISTS(a) || PIN_EXISTS(b) ...`
- Alias `EITHER(A,B)` for `ANY(...)`
- Alias `ALL(...)` and `BOTH(A,B)` for `ENABLED(...)`
- `NONE(...)` for `DISABLED(...)`

See https://github.com/pinchies/Marlin/pull/1#issuecomment-471388743

* Make ExtUI respect MAXTEMP limits
  - Temperatures are now clamped by MAXTEMP limits rather than arbitrary values.
* Speed up USB init, add status
  - Speed up USB initialization
  - Show status message if init failed
* Enable status messages for EXTENSIBLE_UI
* Adjust max limit to MAX_TEMP - 15
* Misc. tweaks to formatting, const, etc.

* Remove duplicate calls to PrepareSector

Some flash memory API calls require that a call to `PrepareSector` is done before use. However this call is already made by the LPC1768 framework so the calls in this code are not required.

* Ensure correct alignment of RAM buffer

The LPC176X flash API requires that the RAM buffer used for write operations must be word-aligned. This change ensures that this is the case.

* Make CardReader a static class
* Make CardReader flags into bitfields

- In reference to #12166

* Apply #pragma once in headers
* Adjust some thermistors formatting
* Misc cleanup and formatting