Don't mangel 8.3-filenames with chars > 0x7f

Windows produces 8.3filenames wit chars > 0x7f. Those have been rejected
by Marlin until now.

With these 'malformed' filenames can now be worked with:
In the LCD menue
With RepetierHost (V1.6.1 tested) - full support. Characters are
displayed as '?'
With Octoprint (1.2.10 tested) the files do not appear in the files
area. At the console, listed with M20 they appear with a '�'.
With Pronterface the files appear in the sd-window but you can't start
them. They are mangled by pronterface. The names are altered and than
recected by Marlin. In the console they apper with differen but not the
correct characters.

All in all a little step forward.

Fix for #3593

There is no way to translate "A-travel" to "A Rückzug". Thats simply
wrong.

It sync with the RC.

The fix is simple. Most changes are because of changed indendation,
bacause of leaving early for wrong tool number

We don't have to  avoid German "Umlaute" any more.

- Use new `DEBUG_POS` macro for `DELTA` debug
- Neaten up `prepare_move` a smidgen
- Remove an old commented `prepare_move()` line

・Remove abolished strings (MSG_NOZZLE1, MSG_NOZZLE2)
・Remove duplicated strings 
・Arrange the strings in unified order
・Adjust spacing
・Remove some comments in Japanese files(follow-up the PR #3560)

The most part of these changes were salvaged from closed my PR#3550.

The `Z_SAFE_HOMING` feature is coupled with probes and not leveling, so
make it available for general use.